Alpha Lipoic Acid Powder

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Alpha Lipoic Acid powder (ALA) is an organic sulfide derived from caprylic acid (caprylic acid), which is a coenzyme in mitochondria. As a coenzyme, it participates in the key energy metabolism in our body. It and vitamin C, E, coenzyme Q10 are called antioxidants. It can also increase the ability of other antioxidants, such as vitamin C and E, to scavenge free radicals. It is mainly found in animal and plant tissues, especially in liver and yeast cells. The content in plants is very low. For example, in spinach with the largest content, 30g also contains only 0.005mg lipoic acid. α- Lipoic acid is a basic nutrient necessary for human growth. With age, the level of free radicals in the body will increase significantly, α- The formation of lipoic acid is gradually reduced, and the antioxidant defense system is constantly declining, leading to free radical damage, eventually leading to aging and even death.

It is a pale yellow crystal, which usually does not exist in free form, but mainly exists in the form of a mixture of closed loop disulfide (LA) and open chain reduction (DHLA) structures. The two forms convert each other through the redox cycle, and can be soluble in water and fat at the same time, and can penetrate the blood brain barrier. Therefore, it is often called "super antioxidant".

Alpha lipoic acid has strong antioxidant capacity, and its ability to resist free radicals is 400 times better than VC and VE. It can remove active oxygen components that cause skin aging and it is smaller than VE molecule. In addition, it has both water soluble and fat soluble so skin absorption is pretty easy. Lipoic acid not only has strong resistance to long-term oxidative damage, but also can effectively repair the more serious oxidative damage of cells that cannot be repaired by VC and VE. Studies have shown that lipoic acid can be converted into dihydrolipoic acid in the body, both of which have powerful antioxidant properties and work synergistically in the body. At the same time, the molecular weight of lipoic acid is between that of ascorbic acid and tocopherol, and it has the amphiphilicity of water and fat, which can exert a comprehensive antioxidant effect in the body, and is called "universal antioxidant".

Free radical scavenging: α- Lipoic acid has the structure of disulfide five membered ring, and has significant electrophilicity and ability to react with free radicals. It can eliminate free radicals such as hydroxyl radical (- OH), nitric oxide radical (NO ·) and nitrous peroxide (ONOO ·), and substances that are easy to produce free radicals such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O) and hypochlorite (HClO). Its reduction product dihydrogen α- Lipoic acid can also eliminate the common peroxide free radicals (ROO) and superoxide free radicals (O ·) in the body. α- Intracellular conversion of lipoic acid to reduced dihydrogen α- Lipoic acid, both of which are strong antioxidants, can simultaneously scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (NO, NO ·), i.e α- Lipoic acid can scavenge all free radicals.

Participate in body metabolism: α- As the carrier of acyl group, lipoic acid exists in pyruvate dehydrogenase and α- Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase is involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Be able to α- In the process of ketoacid oxidation and decarboxylation, it plays the role of coupling acyl transfer and electron transfer to promote the decomposition of pyruvate, thereby improving the utilization of glucose in the body.

Chelation of heavy metal ions: α- Lipoic acid can prevent Cu2+, Fe2+, Hg2+transition metal ions and arsenic from catalyzing the oxidation of metal elements in the body, thus avoiding the damage caused by inhibition. The action mechanism is mainly α- Lipoic acid and dihydrogen α- Lipoic acid can chelate with metal ions, and the chelated metal ions lose their original catalytic activity, which can reduce the oxidation of the body and inhibit the formation of free radicals.

Lipoic acid is derived from animals and plants. It is distributed in the mitochondria of cells and is usually combined with proteins involved in energy and amino acid metabolism. It is unique in having two sulfur atoms at one end of the chain, which can transfer electrons from other sources.

α- Lipoic acid is a pale yellow powder crystal, almost unpleasant.The solubility in water is small, about 1 g/L (20 ° C). Soluble in 10% NaOH solution and aliphatic solvent. It is soluble in ethanol, chloroform and ether.

Chemical structure: lipoic acid exists as a mixture of two structures: closed-loop disulfide form and open chain reduction form. These two forms convert each other through the oxidation reduction cycle. Like biotin, lipoic acid often does not exist free in fact, but with the lysine residues in its carboxyl isoenzyme molecules (such as dihydrolipoic acid acetyltransferase) ε- NH2 group is covalently bound by amide bond (very similar to biotin in structure). Enzymes that catalyze the formation of lipoamide bonds require ATP and act as reaction products to produce lipoamide enzyme conjugates, AMP and pyrophosphate. Lipoic acid was introduced by L J. Reed and others were separated into crystals. Because it is a sulfur-containing fatty acid, some people attribute it to fat soluble vitamins. However, because it participates in biochemical reaction together with TPP, NAD and other coenzymes in metabolism, it is also classified as B vitamins according to the unity of structure and function.

(1) Improvement of diabetes: many studies show that, α- Lipoic acid can improve the oxidative damage of vascular endothelium caused by various factors. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are precursor cells of vascular endothelium. through α- After lipoic acid treatment, the number of endothelial progenitor cells in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients increased significantly; The activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase increased, while the contents of malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine decreased.

(2) Neurodegenerative diseases: α- Lipoic acid has a significant effect in the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), epilepsy and traumatic brain injury TBI are common neurodegenerative diseases. Oxidative stress is an important reason for the occurrence and development of these diseases. Research shows, α- Lipoic acid may protect A by inhibiting oxidative stress damage β Protein can damage hippocampal neurons and improve the learning and memory ability of AD model rats. In the PD model, α- Lipoic acid can protect neurons by reducing or inhibiting iron deposition to achieve the purpose of treating Parkinson's disease, and the therapeutic dose does not cause obvious side effects.

(3) Tumor disease: a large amount of oxygen free radicals are produced during the formation of tumors, which can trigger lipid peroxidation in the body, reduce the concentration of antioxidants, and constantly promote the malignant transformation of normal cells and accelerate the proliferation of tumor cells. At present, the commonly used anti-cancer drugs take DNA as the target, and oxidative stress will occur when they play a role, and normal tissues will also be damaged due to strong oxidative stress. α- Lipoic acid can effectively inhibit the deterioration of cancer patients' condition by eliminating the reactive oxygen species in normal cells and inhibiting the growth, proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells.

(4) Cardiovascular disease: Atherosclerosis is the most common and important vascular disease in a group of vascular diseases called arteriosclerosis. Its clinical manifestations are mainly the symptoms of the affected organs. α- Lipoic acid mainly regulates the level of blood lipids, enhances the antioxidant capacity of the body, and protects the function of vascular endothelium. Some scholars have made a detailed summary on the application of lipoic acid in atherosclerosis, namely: α- Lipoic acid and its reduced dihydrolipoic acid are highly effective antioxidants. They can remove free radicals and active oxygen, chelate metal ions, regenerate glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E and other antioxidants, reduce oxidative stress, protect endothelial cells, and have better preventive and therapeutic effects on atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases.

(5) Beauty and anti-aging: α- Lipoic acid has an amazing antioxidant capacity, which can remove the active oxygen components that cause skin aging. Because it is smaller than vitamin E, and it is water-soluble and fat soluble, it can be easily absorbed by the skin. Especially, it can effectively treat dark circles, wrinkles and spots. In addition, it can strengthen the metabolism function to improve the blood circulation of the body, improve the darkness of the skin, and reduce the pores, making it an enviable and delicate skin.

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